广州市社区出行低碳指数格局及其影响因素的空间异质性   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨文越  李涛  曹小曙 《地理研究》2015,34(8):1471-1480

通过构建社区出行低碳指数（CTLCI）模型,对广州市社区出行低碳指数的空间格局及其差异特征进行了分析,并利用全局回归（OLS）模型和地理加权回归（GWR）模型对社区出行低碳指数的影响因素以及其间关系的空间异质性进行了研究。结果表明,广州市社区出行低碳指数由中心城区向外逐渐递增,呈明显的圈层结构。内圈层的社区出行低碳指数内部差异最小,中间过渡圈层的最大。社区人口密度对社区出行低碳指数的影响以正向作用为主,公共交通供给水平和路网密集程度对社区出行低碳指数的影响以负向作用为主,且它们的影响作用具有空间异质性。具体指出了在不同地域空间内社区人口密度、公共交通供给水平和路网密集程度对社区出行低碳指数在影响程度和作用方向上的差异,为减少广州城市交通碳排放、针对不同空间制定有效的低碳政策和构建低碳城市空间结构提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

京张地区区域地壳稳定性评价   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张树轩  杨为民  孟华君  张向营  李焕斌 《地质力学学报》2018,24(1):70-77

在野外调查和广泛收集资料的基础上,分析了控制和影响京张地区区域地壳稳定性的主要因素及内外动力地质的耦合作用。选取活动断裂、地震活动性和深部地球物理等因素,同时选取工程岩组、地形地貌与地表地质灾害等11个因素作为评价因子,并对评价因子进行了分类赋值。采用多因素加权叠加分析方法,建立了区域地壳稳定性评价模型,基于GIS平台对京张地区的区域地壳稳定性进行了定量化评价,将研究区划分为稳定区、次稳定区、次不稳定区和不稳定区4个等级。依据区域地壳稳定性评价结果,为京张高速铁路、云顶滑雪场、石京龙滑雪场的建设和运营提出相关建议,为京张地区国土规划提供了基础依据。   相似文献   

一种三维激光扫描点云拟合的抗差加权整体最小二乘法     

蒋荣华  刘超 《测绘通报》2017,(9):37

针对三维激光扫描中点云不等精度且易受粗差影响的问题,提出了一种基于入射角定权的抗差加权总体最小二乘的拟合方法。该方法在采用入射角定权的基础上,进行基于标准化残差和中位数的抗差加权整体最小二乘估计,获得待定参数估值,并通过Gauss-Newton迭代算法,推导了模型的迭代计算方法。以平面拟合和球面拟合为例,分别通过仿真数据和实测数据对算法进行验证,结果表明,对于含有粗差的点云,新方法可以获得更为理想的参数估值,其性能优于抗差整体最小二乘和加权整体最小二乘,可以更好地进行三维激光扫描的点云拟合。  相似文献   

Micro-level analysis of childhood obesity, diet, physical activity, residential socioeconomic and social capital variables: where are the obesogenic environments in Leeds?     

K L Procter  G P Clarke  J K Ransley  J Cade 《Area》2008,40(3):323-340

This paper describes global (whole of Leeds) and local (super output area) analyses of the relationship between childhood obesity and many 'obesogenic environment' variables, such as deprivation, urbanisation, access to local amenities, and perceived local safety, as well as dietary and physical activity behaviours. The analyses identify the covariates with the strongest relationships with obesity, and highlight variation in these relationships across Leeds, thus identifying 'at-risk' populations. This paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of analysis at the micro-level in order to provide health planners with additional information with which to tailor interventions and health policies to prevent childhood obesity.  相似文献   

Determination and analysis of long-wavelength transition zone structure using SS precursors     

C. Houser †  G. Masters  M. Flanagan  P. Shearer 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(1):178-194

Global mapping of 410 and 660 km discontinuity topography and transition zone thickness has proven to be a powerful tool for constraining mantle chemistry, dynamics and mineralogy. Numerous seismic and mineral physics studies suggest that the 410 km discontinuity results from the phase change of olivine to wadsleyite and the 660 km discontinuity results from the phase change of ringwoodite to perovskite and magnesiowustite. Underside reflections of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities arrive as precursors to SS . With the recent development of a semi-automated method of determining SS arrivals, we have more than tripled the Flanagan and Shearer (1998a) data set of handpicked SS waveforms. We are able to increase resolution by stacking waveforms in 5° rather than 10° radius bins as well as increasing data coverage significantly in the southern hemisphere. The resulting SS-S410S and SS-S660S times are heavily influenced by upper-mantle velocity structure. We perform a joint inversion for discontinuity topography and velocity heterogeneity as well as performing a simple velocity correction to the precursor differential times and find little difference between the two methods. The 660 km discontinuity topography and transition zone thickness are correlated with velocities in the transition zone whereas the 410 km discontinuity topography is not. In addition, the 410 km discontinuity topography is not correlated with the 660 km discontinuity topography, rather anticorrelated, as expected due to the opposite signs of the Clapeyron slopes of their respective phase changes. These results suggest that, whereas the topography of 660 km discontinuity could be dominated by thermal effects, the topography of the 410 km discontinuity is likely dominated by compositional effects. In addition, unlike previous studies which find less topography on the 410 km discontinuity than on the 660 km discontinuity, our 410 and 660 km topography have similar amplitudes.  相似文献   

基于局部化转换规则的元胞自动机土地利用模型   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

宇林军  孙丹峰  彭仲仁  李红 《地理研究》2013,32(4):671-682

传统土地利用元胞自动机(Cellular automata,CA)模型基于空间同质性假设,使用全局性模型建立元胞转换规则,忽略了土地利用变化驱动因素的驱动作用在空间上的变化。以美国佛罗里达州的橙县(Orange County)2003-2009年土地利用变化为例,提出了基于局部化转化规则的CA土地利用模型,其中元胞的土地利用类型适宜性由地理加权多项logit模型(Geographically weighted multinomial logit,GWML)获得。结果表明:GWML模型较传统全局性多项logit(Multinomial logit,MNL)模型有更高的数据解释能力。基于GWML模型的土地利用CA模型能反映局部土地利用变化模式,因而较基于MNL模型的CA模型具有更高的模拟精度。所得结论对未来国内地区的研究有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

任意各向异性介质相(群)速度的计算   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李芳  曹思远  姚健 《地球物理学报》2012,55(10):3420-3426

反映弹性波在各向异性介质中传播特性的两个基础的物理量是相速度和群速度.本文在总结前人工作的基础上,提出任意各向异性介质相(群)速度的计算方案:首先推导各自计算公式,其次考虑剪切波奇点的特殊性,再次令其遵循相应约束条件,最后,采用三个计算实例检验该方案的正确性和有效性.通过对计算结果的分析以及各向异性理论预测可以加深对各向异性特有性质(如剪切波奇点、群速度多值性)的理解,有助于增强我们对任意各向异性理论的基本认识.  相似文献   

Groundwater potential zones using a combination of geospatial technology and geophysical approach: case study in Dehradun,India     

《水文科学杂志》2012,57(2):169-182

ABSTRACT

A combination of geospatial, geophysical and statistical models using satellite data, the weighted index overlay (WIO) method and two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) is applied to generate the highest potential groundwater area and to further explore the groundwater in Dehradun, India. The results show that of 19.7 km² total basin area, 0.26% falls under the “poor” category as a prospect zone for groundwater, 4.3% is “moderate”, 10.10% “moderately good”, 4.9% “good” and 0.17% “very good”. In addition, the demonstration of the geophysical survey is presented, in which Purkal Youth Society Division (PYSD) site is categorized as a shallow aquifer zone and the Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary School (GNFCS) site is a deeper aquifer zone. Our study emphasizes remote sensing and geographic information system integrated with a geophysical survey to support prospecting the most probable area and confirm the existence of groundwater.  相似文献   

基于不等式约束的磁共振信号T2谱多指数分解法及算法改进     

林君  慧芳  孙淑琴  蒋川东  林婷婷 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(6):2018-2025

磁共振地下水探测信号的弛豫时间T₂和振幅与地下岩石孔隙大小和地下水的含水量直接相关。目前,磁共振地下水探测方法中,信号的衰减特性由平均弛豫时间T^*₂来描述。然而,对于复杂的多孔介质组成的岩石结构,仅由T^*₂无法准确描述地下孔隙情况。详细研究了基于不等式约束的多指数分解法,进行了信号T₂谱的提取,并重新计算多指数形式下的信号初始振幅。结果表明：对比信号在不同采集时间下的T₂谱提取结果,延长信号的采集时间有助于T₂谱的准确提取;通过磁共振仿真信号计算并分析不同信噪比下的T₂谱提取结果,信噪比大于30 dB时相对误差平均值小于5%;进行算法改进,得到信噪比大于10 dB时相对误差平均值小于5%的结果,且幅值和T₂的相对误差平均值降低了约1/3。由此可知:采用多指数分解法能够获得磁共振信号的T₂谱,正则化技术和加权修正能够提高T₂谱的准确度和抗干扰能力;与单指数方式相比,采用多指数拟合能够更准确地恢复信号初始振幅。  相似文献   

地震波频散效应与反Q滤波相位补偿   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张固澜  贺振华  王熙明  张建军  张彦斌  李飞 《地球物理学报》2014,57(5):1655-1663

本文以Futterman提出的地震波振幅衰减和相速度频散表达式为基础,从井震匹配的角度出发,推导了不进行反Q滤波、仅反Q滤波振幅补偿、仅反Q滤波相位补偿,以及反Q滤波相位与振幅同时补偿四种情况下,地震波速度频散与相速度及地震记录振幅谱间的表达式,并从理论上说明了反Q滤波相位补偿的必要性.通过相同观测系统,炸药震源和可控震源分别激发采集的零偏移距VSP资料实例,验证了本文所推导的速度频散表达式的合理性;通过井震标定实例,进一步说明了反Q滤波相位补偿,可有效消除地震子波速度频散,提升地面地震资料与零偏移距VSP走廊叠加剖面的匹配度,最终提高地震资料成果的可信度.  相似文献